GANG VIOLENCE AND HARSH PENALTIES - 1465 Words

Chen March 20 2014 Gang Violence and Harsh Penalties The presence of gang violence has plagued the United States for many years. Although it is more active in some parts of the country than others, gang violence affects every American: either monetarily as a taxpayer or directly as a victim. Regardless, it is a concern of every individual; therefore, the criminal justice system has been addressing it for years in different ways. The approach of emphasizing harsh punishments has been implemented for quite some time now and it remains to be an accepted tactic. Despite its popularity, the implementation of harsh punishments has been shown to be counterproductive. It continues to spread ignorance, which is eluded by politicians and the†¦show more content†¦Media had delivered this false idea that harsh penalties would decrease violent crimes which pushes politicians to make tougher laws. During Reagan and Bush presidency, they implemented get-tough policies against crime that resulted in hash punishment (Elias, 1994). Politicians are in favor of get-tough policies but yet crime are still in the rise and citizens are still live in fear of being a victim of crime violence (Elias, 1994). Despite politicians and media’s constant claims that tougher punishments are the solutions to gang violence, but in reality, it is distracting people from pursuing the real solution. As a response to the â€Å"war on gangs†, sentencing enhancements, a form of harsher punishments, was developed by lawmakers. Policies were created to lengthen sentences of gang members (Hagedorn and Chesney-Lind, 2013). Additional amount of prison time would be given to criminals who are in gangs. The increase of harsh penalties has lead to mass incarceration of gang members in America prisons, which evidently resulted to the gang’s dominance of the prisons’ subculture and, making gangs the most powerful force in prisons (Hagedorn and Chesney-Lind, 2013). Mass incarcerations instigates other controversies such as raci al profiling which continues to increase the gap between Americans. Nonetheless, gang members are taking prison lessShow MoreRelatedChildren in Conflict to the Law12401 Words   |  50 Pagesaround them. In addition, there are also various factors that push children to commit acts that are in conflict with the law. Major factors are breakdown of families, inadequate parental supervision, economic hardships, lack of recreational services, harsh corporal punishment on children, peer influence, inadequate educational system, sexual abuse and exploitation, HIV/AIDS and substance abuse. Cited in Franciso Zulueta, Dolores Liwag â€Å"Social problems and Issues in the Philippines. There areRead MoreShould Juveniles Be Tried As Adults?2843 Words   |  12 Pagesfound to be an expression of punitiveness. The goal of a juvenile justice system is to deter the youth from repeating the same if not another offensive crime. In conclusion to this article, the transfer of juveniles to an adult court system was a harsh punishment in the view of most, but now the courts are separate depending on how violent the crime or offense is, the juvenile defendant will be tried as a youth and records of the offense will remain sealed. Once the youth reaches the age of 17, he/sheRead MoreEffects of the United States Failed War on Drugs Policy Essay4544 Words   |  19 PagesAbstract The â€Å"War on Drugs† policy has been the approach by the United States to protect citizens from the harmful effects of illegal drugs. The article examines the failures of the war on drug policy has had on society, such as, increasing violence, increasing the prison population, increased spending of billions of taxpayer funds, and being racially biased against minorities. The war on drugs policy reflects a deeper political agenda and is diverting attention away from the real issue by continuingRead MoreAmerican Prison Systems: Do They Really Work?4530 Words   |  18 Pagesof punishment and a place where criminals would be segregated from society is one that emerged later. After the American Revolution, the core social and political climate began to change. Americans began to question the extent to which the death penalty was being issued (Lynch, n.d.). Values, social norms, and political philosophies also changed, and so too did the demographics of the nation. The tr ansformations in American society during the early modern and modern eras led to a transformation ofRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 Pagesmean punishment. b. Logy was from the Latin word â€Å"logos†, meaning science. c. Penology distinguish from Penitentiary Science- Penology deals with the various means of fighting crimes as regards to penalties and other measures of security, while Penitentiary Science is limited only to the study of penalties dealing with deprivation of liberty. ï  ½ The Golden Age of Penology - the period from 1870 to 1880 was considered the golden age of penology because of the following significant events: ï  ± 1870- theRead MorePolitics and Security in Southeast Asia: Terrorists, Gangsters and the State3078 Words   |  13 Pagespeople. Additionally, corruption weakens the legal system of any country hence making it difficult for the people to receive justice. As with other sectors of the economy, corruption in the security division is frequently attributed to poor pay, harsh working conditions, poor recruitment procedures and lack of sufficient training. In most of the Southern Asia countries, the problem of understaffing and lack of appropriate organizational development goals contributes to the menace of corruption inRead MoreThe Prison System Needs Reform7898 Words   |  32 Pagescrimes, and are incurable by reason of their crimes, are made examples; as they are incurable, they get no good themselves, but others get good when they behold them 10 enduring forever the most terrible and painful and fearful sufferings as the penalty of their sins- there they are, hanging up in the prison house of the world below just as examples, a spectacle and warning to all unrighteous me who come thither (Plato, 2008).† We do not see the first ordered prison until under the King of England;Read MoreIncarceration: Prison and Inmates10532 Words   |  43 Pagesyears. By the mid-1700s, they had begun to put convict to work in the shipyards. These prisoners were sheltered in arsenals at night were they slept chained to their beds. In the 1600s and 1700s, Germany and Switzerland practiced the public-works penalty with great popularity. After corporal punishments, but before modern imprisonment, stood the workhouse or the house of correction. The development of workhouses was originally a humanitarian move intended to manage the unsettling social conditionsRead MoreJuvenile Crime Issues in Today’s Criminal Justice System18893 Words   |  76 PagesMultinational Criminal Justice chapter 18 The Future of Criminal Justice These individual rights must be effectively balanced against these present and emerging community concerns: Widespread drug abuse among youth The threat of juvenile crime Urban gang violence High-technology, computer, and Internet crime (cybercrime) Terrorism and narcoterrorism Occupational and whitecollar crime  ©  © A right to privacy A right to be assumed innocent A right against self-incrimination A right to equal protection ofRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmeters (12.37 seconds) and 200 meters (25.20 seconds) for men 65 and over. xx ABOUT THE AUTHORS xxi Timothy A. Judge Education Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Professional Experience Academic Positions: Franklin D. Schurz Chair, Department of Management, Mendoza College of Business, University of Notre Dame; Matherly-McKethan Eminent Scholar in Management, Warrington College of Business Administration, University of Florida; Stanley  M. Howe Professor in Leadership

The Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment - 1224 Words

Global warming continues to be a huge concern affecting the environment, people and the world. If action to stop this phenomenon is not taken immediately by the global community, the consequences will certainly be catastrophic. Already, some of the consequences of global warming are being felt globally. The frequency and intensity of tropical storms has increased as a result of global warming. Global temperatures continue to rise at rapid and unprecedented rates. According to scientific research, various activities by people are the main cause of this problem. Industrial activities and what have become routine pollution patterns has led to the increase of Carbon IV Oxide (CO2) in the atmosphere (Byravan Rajan, 2015). According to models verified by various scientific researches, the increase in the atmospheric Carbon Dioxide will result in significant increases in environmental temperatures. The global community is facing a challenge that is very tasking and requires maximum coopera tion from all global players. The war to protect the environment is one that must be won otherwise the world and its habitants stand to lose (Braasch, 2013). Global warming is already happening. The effects are already been felt in various parts of the world and will continue to be felt decades to come. The effects that are evident today include rising levels of seas, extreme climatic weather patterns, and finally disappearing polar ice and glaciers. Although, it is quite difficult to link eachShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Global Environment1144 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming has emerged as one of the most serious concerns for scientists and environmentalists in the 21st century. This is based on the negative impact of global warming, which is not limited to deforestation, drastic variations in climate, decline in output of global agricultural industry, degradation of ice sheets in Antarctic, decrease in ocean productivity, rise in sea levels, and increase in tornadoes, hurricanes and floods. The primary reason for global warming has been identified asRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Global Warming Introduction Global warming has been discussion for many years, but has, in the last decade or two been at the forefront of attention. The enormous effects and potential risks on humanity that can result from rise in global temperatures and the environment must be addressed, because the earth after all is finite. â€Å"Globalization refers to the rise of average temperature of oceans and earth’s atmosphere. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the earth’s average surfaceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Environment1311 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Global warming refers to an incremental in earth’s temperature. Some believes this is occurring naturally but the prevailing view attributes climate change to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect refers to the warming resulting from certain gases such as carbon dioxide in Earth s atmosphere trapping heat. These gases traps heat but let light in, similarly to the glass walls of a greenhouse. The general belief is that mankind are chiefly responsible for global warming becauseRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment1549 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming is an increasing in average global temperatures across the planet. This is due to the rising temperatures on the continent. Temperatures continue to rise yearly causing global warming. The greenhouse effect is sun light radiation being driven back to the earth. When solar energy is released into the atmosphere, there is an effect of bouncing back. Solar radiation is bounced back into the atmosphere causing the temperature of the earth to remain steady. However, over time greenhouseRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesSome people say global warming is caused by human activity, others say global warming doesn’t even exist. Some people claim that the climate is changing for the worse. They believe that humans are the primary cause of these changes, especially the increase in temperature, caused by the burning of fossil fuels. They believe that the temperature changes are causing glaciers to melt. They claim that the melting of ice masses leads to a higher sea level and worsening conditions for Arctic animals, asRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment1175 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, â€Å"refers to the recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature near Earth s surface.† Effects of human influence on the environment has long been a cause of concern regarding the disturbance of the â€Å"natural order.† Although a cycle which results in the periodic increase and decrease of the average global temperature has long been known to exist, due to new data suggesting the substantial and relatively r ecentRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment1453 Words   |  6 PagesHuman impact such as industrialization, livestock farming and the increase in recent population have all caused serious environmental impacts that have let to dramatic global climate change. â€Å"Scientists generally agree that the globe has warmed over the past 40 years, due largely to human activities that raise carbon-dioxide levels in the atmosphere† (Clemet). Greenhouse gasses have always existed, but not to the extent that they do in today’s world; they are causing a dramatic change in climateRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment928 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Global Warming†-The Biggest Scam of Modern Times Global warming is the steady increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature. There are two sides of this story. Some people believe that global warming is caused by the natural components in the environment and not man-made production of carbon dioxide, while the others believe that it is caused by man-made production of carbon dioxide and not by natural components in the environment. Global warming is due to the increased level in temperatureRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment999 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Global Warming†-TheBiggest Scam of Modern Times Global warming is the steady increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature. There are two sides of this story. Some people believe that global warming is caused by natural components in the environment and not man-made production of carbon dioxide, while the others believe that it is caused by man-made production of carbon dioxide and not by natural components in the environment. Global warming is due to the increased level in temperature ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment767 Words   |  4 PagesHow does the daily action of driving a car contribute to global warming pollution and other air pollutions? Economic growth has triggered an explosion in the automobile industry, but along with that expansion comes consequence. The motor vehicle business has increased air pollution, causing acid rain, and has also contributed to global warming. Global warming is the process of the earth heating up due to increased levels of gases such as carbon dioxide , on the the leading emissions from cars. Most

Injection Moulding Polymers for Thermal Analysis -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInjection Moulding Polymers for Thermal Analysis. Answer: Major Steps in Injection Moulding Process The process of injection moulding is a famous method of manufacturing for various reasons. This process is mainly used for producing different parts by injecting the molten material within a mould. This process could be performed by using a host of different materials that would mainly include metals, elastomers, confections, glasses and the most widely used thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers (Dang 2014). The process of injection moulding comprises of four major steps. The first step involves the basic preparation and gathering of the tools that would be used for the injection process. During this stage, the thermoplastic materials are being melted and hence the thermoset materials are mixed. The next step includes the filling, which involves the injecting of the molten polymer in the cavity of the mould. The third step includes the holding, which involves compacting the polymer in the mould with the maintenance of the pressure. The final step is ejection of the thermoplastic material and cooling them. In this process, the polymer is left within the mould until it gets solidified (Madan et al. 2015). During the process of ejection and cooling, a screw would be withdrawn in order to refill the barrel with the polymer. The most important stages in this process are filling and holding as they have a major impact upon the final product. The filling step has an influence on the orientation of the polymer within the cavity. The settings of the pressure, time of cycle and the temperature have a significant effect on the mechanical properties. The effect of pressure also plays a major role within the process control. The maintenance of equipment in order to provide a required pressure to the water is also necessary. An optimum amount of temperature is also required within the process. This temperature should be set in such a way that the materials should melt in a systematic way. The lines of cooling should also be placed in such a manner that they are spaced and set for the maximum removal of heat. The cycle time should also be sufficient enough for each step of processing in order for the arrival of the machines at an equilibrium position and then adjust themselves. Properties of Polymers influencing MFI The Melt Flow Index (MFI) is a measurement related to the easiness of the flow of the melt that is in relation with a thermoplastic polymer. The MFI could also be defined as the total mass of a polymer. It could be measured in grams. The melt could flow through a capillary tube having a specific length and diameter by a certain amount of pressure (Sun et al. 2014). The producers of polymers and the manufacturers of the polymer products would use the results in order to ensure that a material would be able to perform as per intended. The MFI based on a polymer is an extremely useful information in order to estimate the behavior of a material during the process of injection moulding. Polymers that possess longer chains or have greater branches would take a longer time to pass through the capillary. The mechanical properties of the product would be affected and as a result of this, the MFI would increase. Different imbalances within the process would have an adverse effect within the mechanical properties and the results of the melt flow (Abbas-Abadi 2013). Low MFI based polymeric materials are not used in the technique of injection moulding. Instead, low viscous materials are used. The molecular is directly proportional to the viscosity and is inversely proportional to MFI. The fact depicts that polymers that have a high molecular weight would be mainly used in the process of extrusion moulding as compared to the process of injection moulding. Processing Parameters The different parameters for the processing for the process of injection moulding would provide good tensile strength products with the study based on polypropylene. The primary parts of the process of manufacturing of the different parts of polypropylene are intrusion moulding and extrusion (Fei, Mehat and Kamaruddin 2013). The mechanical properties of polymers could be specified with many of the similar properties, which are mainly used for metals as modulus of electricity, tensile and many others. The tensile strength could be defines as the point of fracture and it could be lowered than the yield strength. The input parameters for injection moulding mainly includes melt temperature, mold temperature, cooling time, packing pressure, injection speed and packing time. Based on various studies that were conducted, it was seen that the behavior of polycarbonate was directly linked with the various processing parameters of injection moulding. The study also showed that the tensile stress would increase with the temperature of the melt and the temperature of the mold. This would help the polymer in order to set a higher orientation of the molecules and thus have lower residual stress. With the increase in the temperature of the mould, the rate of cooling also lowers. The pressure of packing and the speed of injection are not a significant factor for the strength of the polymers (Azaman et al. 2013). Shrinkage The process of shrinkage is essential within the process of injection moulding. This phenomenon occurs as the density of the polymer normally varies from the temperature of processing to the ambient temperature. During the process of injection moulding, the variations in the shrinkage would be able to create internal stresses. In the process of injection moulding, it would be possible to acquire a molded product that would have the desired dimensions with the use of the phenomenon of mould shrinkage. The mould shrinkage is the phenomenon in which the volume of the molten plastic would be filled within the cavity of a mold that would be shrinking at the time of cooling and solidifying (Annicchiarico and Alcock 2014). The extent of the shrinkage would be referred as the moulding factor of shrinkage. If the moulding shrinkage factor could be known accurately with the preparation of the mould, then it would be possible for the formation of the moulded item such that it would have the intended dimensions. The shrinkage could occur from intersected walls and thick walls that would have a lack of uniformity. The examples would include ribs, projection of nominal wall and bosses. The walls that are thick have the potential of slow solidifying, which would lead to shrinkage at the portion of nominal walls while the projection at the walls would shrink. Uneven thickness of walls would bring various kinds of challenges. At the intersection of the walls, the shrinkage would occur. This is due to the fact that thick walls cool slowly and thus a great amount of shrinking would occur. Thin walls have the capability of cooling faster and thus cause less shrinkage. Various other causes of shrinkage include higher melting temperature, lower pressure of holding and lower pressure of injection. The two methods that could be used in order to reduce the shrinkage for a provided component of geometry are: Modification of the parameters of die casting machines With increasing of the pressure of the work, it would have a positive effect on the issue of shrinkage porosity. The modification of the temperature and the type of the cooling fluid would be possible to cool the zones of porosity. Modification of the Mould The change in the mould morphology would mean to avoid the issues of the shrinkage porosity (Cheng, Liu and Tan 2013). References Abbas-Abadi, M.S., Haghighi, M.N., Yeganeh, H. and Bozorgi, B., 2013. The effect of melt flow index, melt flow rate, and particle size on the thermal degradation of commercial high density polyethylene powder.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,114(3), pp.1333-1339. Annicchiarico, D. and Alcock, J.R., 2014. Review of factors that affect shrinkage of molded part in injection molding.Materials and Manufacturing Processes,29(6), pp.662-682. Azaman, M.D., Sapuan, S.M., Sulaiman, S., Zainudin, E.S. and Abdan, K., 2013. An investigation of the processability of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites on shallow and flat thin-walled parts by injection moulding process.Materials Design,50, pp.451-456. Cheng, J., Liu, Z. and Tan, J., 2013. Multiobjective optimization of injection molding parameters based on soft computing and variable complexity method.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,66(5-8), pp.907-916. Dang, X.P., 2014. General frameworks for optimization of plastic injection molding process parameters.Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,41, pp.15-27. Fei, N.C., Mehat, N.M. and Kamaruddin, S., 2013. Practical applications of Taguchi method for optimization of processing parameters for plastic injection moulding: a retrospective review.ISRN Industrial engineering,2013. Madan, J., Mani, M., Lee, J.H. and Lyons, K.W., 2015. Energy performance evaluation and improvement of unit-manufacturing processes: injection molding case study.Journal of Cleaner Production,105, pp.157-170. Sun, L., Huang, W.M., Lu, H., Lim, K.J., Zhou, Y., Wang, T.X. and Gao, X.Y., 2014. Heating?Responsive Shape?Memory Effect in Thermoplastic Polyurethanes with Low Melt?Flow Index.Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics,215(24), pp.2430-2436.

The Arts play Essay Example For Students

The Arts play Essay The Arts play a large role in the expression of inner thoughts and beauty in my life. From dance and music to abstract art our concept of life is shown through the various ways in which we interpret it. We use the Arts as a means of touching that part of us that we cannot reach with Physical Science, Social Science, or any of the Humanities. The arts allow us to be as specific or as abstract as we please. It helps us become closer to ourselves and to others around us. Though there has been a lot of confusion as to what the true definition of good art is, how we show others what is going on in our minds and inner souls cannot be judged, graded, criticized or revised by anyone other than ourselves. The arts play a valued role in creating cultures and developing and documenting civilizations. The arts teach us how to communicate through creative expression. Show us how to understand human experiences, past and present. Prepare us to adapt to and respect the ways others think, work, and express themselves. We will write a custom essay on The Arts play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Music, singing, dancing, poetry, and sketching are just a few of the different forms of art that I use to express myself in a way that I enjoy. Because each art discipline appeals to different senses and expresses itself through different media, each adds a special richness to the learning environment. Arts help people Learn to identify, appreciate, and participate in the traditional and non-traditional art forms of their own communities and the communities of others. Art teaches us how to be imaginative, creative, and reflective. Different art forms help us develop the verbal and nonverbal abilities necessary for lifelong learning. The intellectual demands of the arts help us develop problem-solving abilities and such powerful thinking skills as analyzing and evaluating. Numerous studies point toward a consistent and positive comparison between concrete education in the arts and student achievement in other subjects. A program in arts education would engage students in a process that helps them develop the self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperation, and self-motivation necessary for success in life. Most important, the arts should be experienced and studied for their own true value. If art was not present in my life, I know that I would be missing so much. I would not be able to do the things that I love to do each day. The only way to express yourself is through art, and the presence of art in the lives of todays society plays a big role. People listen to music every day, they dance, and sing. For many peoples art is a way of life, and without it they would be lost. Art is the only way to express ones true feelings. Without art the world would be a dull and sad place. People would not be able to communicate in the same sense that art allows them to. Art shows peoples individualism. Without art wouldnt we all be the same?

Hollow Men Essay Research Paper n TS free essay sample

Hollow Men Essay, Research Paper n T.S. Eliot # 8217 ; s poem The Hollow Men, T.S. Eliot contrasts his straw-filled hollow work forces with the # 8220 ; lost violent psyche # 8221 ; of Mr. Kurtz and Guy Fawkes. Mr. Kurtz is a character in Joseph Conrad # 8217 ; s Heart of Darkness. T.S. Eliot is stating that it is better to hold met decease and to hold strong sentiments than to sit lazily and stay stagnant. Both Eliot and Conrad are portraying the general society to be disintegrating. The hollow mean are in a province of stagnancy. They can neither choose life nor decease and are hence damned to a life where they will blow off to nil. The hollow work forces are said to populate in a grey, black wasteland full of cactus. This thought contrasts with Conrad # 8217 ; s usage of symbolism in Heart of Darkness. Joseph Conrad portrays images of blunt white and black. We will write a custom essay sample on Hollow Men Essay Research Paper n TS or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Joseph Conrad is stating that there were merely extremes being the civilized and the barbarian. Mr. Kurtz was seeking to be a mediator for the civilized and the barbarian societies of England and Africa. Mr. Kurtz became down and basically devolved. In this sense, Conrad is stating that there is no in-between route. In The Hollow Men, the straw work forces are unable to take which way they will take and wait for a mark. The scenes for the two plants is different every bit good. In Heart of Darkness the scene is the Congo. The milieus are exuberant giantism of trees and other workss. There is H2O everyplace, particularly depicted by the river. In The Hollow Men, the scene is a black desert full of lone straw mans and cactus. There are mentions to eyes in both plants. The direct eyes are said to be guide. Mr. Kurtz had firing eyes which symbolized how the horror of his actions finally killed him. In The Hollow Men, the eyes are eyes of determination and way that the straw work forces deficiency and do non wish to see. Joseph Conrad portrays that there is evil inherent in everybody. The Manager was the epitomy of immorality and yet he survived. Mr. Kurtz became barbarian. T.S. Eliot says that it is better to be one of these characters than to be a straw adult male who believes that # 8220 ; this is they manner the universe ends/Not with a knock but a whimper. # 8221 ;

Soft Drink Industry Essays - Ice Cream Parlors, Ice Cream

Soft Drink Industry Essays - Ice Cream Parlors, Ice Cream Soft Drink Industry Executive Summary The word 'Saturation' does not exist in the dictionary of the U.A.E. Year by year, new products and their competing items have entered into the field and have successfully created a slot for themselves. This phenomenon is greatly supported by the open down policy of the local government to the people coming from other lands for settlement and tourism. Ice creams are a product that has not seen their prime in the U.A.E. It's potential is tapped in a meager form. Not that the commodity is in short supply. There is ample ice-cream available even at the moment. But, there is great scope of habitualizing the inhabitants of this place to consume more of the product, by exploiting the U.A.E. climate to its best potential. This statement vindicates the statistics that while an average person in Australia consumes 36.87 pints of ice cream, and in the United States 30.04 pints, the consumption in U.A.E. is only 6 pints per capita. Thus, even if the consumption is increased by 6 times for a person here, we will still be comparable to Australia and will need more effort to become world leader in consumption. This indicates the amount of vacuum existing in the U.A.E for the growth in the Ice-cream consumption. The bottom line is a 'Difference'. Up until now the ice creams that are being sold in the U.A.E. are mostly the conventional stuff and it will bring a sea change in the minds of consumers about ice creams if they are given something different at affordable prices and at accessible locations. One such company that can meet all these interests is Ben & Jerry's. We are a group of investors now planning to open Ben & Jerry's ice cream parlor. The food and beverage industry has been in a boom. Therefore we plan to make our mark in the industry as the premium ice cream and yoghurt parlor in the country. U.A.E has a multi-cultural environment thus providing a good market for Ben&Jerry's.. Ben&Jerry's is the 'difference' which can fit in the slot to help bring up the per capita consumption of the country. Most of their ice creams are made from fresh fruits, which hardly any other maker has attempted. Introduction & Background The company Ben & Jerry's had its humble beginning more than 70 years ago, when its founders started manufacturing ice cream with a hand - cranked machine. Today, it offers the widest range of ice creams and frozen deserts in packs, including cups, bulks, and cones. The brand enjoys its reputation for successful innovation and development of flavors and its new offerings are eagerly awaited every summer. Current Market Situation The Marketing Environment- The United Arab Emirates has an ice cream market of Dh140 million, yet it has one of the lowest consumption (6.00 per capita/ pints) of ice-cream when compared to Australia which consumes 36.87 per capita / pints and USA 30.04 pints. The ice-cream parlors Baskin Robbins enjoys having a monopoly followed by Haagen-Dazsas and Breslers. There are other non-famous parlors in some shopping centers and malls. Considering that there is two major franchises in the U.A.E market there is a high scope in entering the ice-cream industry. As for the external environment, it is divided in the following manner. Competitive Environment- There is high degree of competition in the foodstuff industry. In the ice-cream industry, the market share is evenly distributed with Nestle being the market leader, followed by Walls and then by Kwality. Recenlty Hag n' Das has also come up with major marketing schemes and are aggressively marketing their ice creams. They have a parlor opened at Al Diyafah Street in Deira. There is no official study to the exact market share. The prices in the parlors are about 10% higher to that of franchises in London and Canada. The other competitors in the family line are Igloo, Unikai, Kimo Cadbury, Mamma- Mia, and also those previously mentioned. Hags n' Das, Cadbury's, Baskin Robbins and have an importation, the rest are local manufacturers. Below mentioned is the approximate market share. Estimates provided by Kwality and Unikai year 1996 Overall market growth 20% on yearly basis Social and Cultural environment- We intend to target our products

Sport and Leisure Management - Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sport and Leisure Management - Portfolio - Essay Example Once that was done we had to pick the day for the event, and we picked Friday 13th March. This is because it was the same day as Comic relief our chosen charity. I would like to thank The Student Union (SU) for providing the  £150 for the event to take place and also for providing us with the prizes hanks to the SU for the free prizes they had provided us with which was T-Shirts for the winners. My allocated weightings were the same for Thomas Rose, Brandon, Liam, Daniel Dinnen and myself. The allocation reflects the fact that everyone had the same involvement on the event day and everyone contributed equally. This was either getting the teams, prizes, refereeing or filling in scores. Unfortunately, one member did not turn up till near the end and didn’t really contribute to the event of the day. This is why I equally distributed everyone else the same weighting. Although Dan did not get the teams he was supposed to, he was there and still helped on the Event Day. My contribution was to fill in the scores at the end of the games and get two teams to play which was more than anyone else. Brandon was on the laptop taking results and ensuring that everything was in place while Tom and Liam refereed. Dan also referred in a few games. Ten teams were needed to break even the  £150 that would be used to hire the pitches. This was not possible since we had only six teams which would not have catered for the break even costs and it meant making a loss. With the turn of events we were, we had to pay the remaining amount from our pockets to supplement the deficit. Sale of raffles did not take place as we had planned and this meant more reduction of the projected profits. Our initial target of minimum eight teams was not possible since teams were pulling out of the tournament, though this was our fault for not gathering money beforehand to prevent them from withdrawing. Brandon Bryan, Tom Rose, Liam

Attend the Metropolitan Museum of Art and select one Italian Research Paper

Attend the Metropolitan Museum of Art and select one Italian Renaissance and one Northern Renaissance piece of art - Research Paper Example The above painting was done by Duccio di Buoninsegna, a renaissance Italian artist. The painting shows an intensely personal touch done by the artist, Duccio, on the masterpiece entitled â€Å"the Madonna and Child†. The painting was done in tempera and gold on wood. The title of the painting is Stroganoff Madonna. The painting was bought by the Metropolitan Museum for an estimated $45 million. This is one of the main masterpiece attractions of the Metropolitan Museum. The painting was bought during November 2004 from a Christie’s auction sale held in London. The painting was done by the Italian Sienese Renaissance artist, Duccio di Buoninsegna. The painting is done on Tempera and Gold on wood with its original frame still intact. In addition, Duccio is one of the two originators of the Western European Paintings. This is one of the rare solo paintings of the Italian artist. This is one of the complete and independent works of the artist. The painting above shows tellta le signs of the artist’s intensely personal painting style grounded on the Italian Renaissance trademarks of proportion, anatomy, and perspective. His masterpieces are filled with life fused with Byzantine culture. The painting is endowed with the Franciscan movement’s religious trimmings. ... Giotto was an immediate fan of Giotto’s painting style. The Giotto fresco of Saint Francis was grounded on Byzantine and medieval culture. In response, Duccio created his own art culture. The new culture is known as the Renaissance. Duccio’s Renaissance painting style focused on human sentiment, emotional response, lyricism, as well as color sensitivity. This is very evident in the above painting, Stroganoff Madonna and Child. The painting was intended for private devotion; the small panel shows that it was meant for private viewing. Northern Renaissance Painting (Metropolitan Museum) The wood cut entitled â€Å"Rhinoceros† is one of the Northern Renaissance painting displayed in the Metropolitan Museum. The masterpiece was done by the renaissance artist, Albrecht Durer. The masterpiece was done during in 1515. The picture shows an Indian Rhinoceros. Durer painted the masterpiece based on his won written description as well as the discussion of another artist. Th e Rhinoceros By Albrecht Durer In terms of the above picture, the Rhinoceros is a wood cut art masterpiece; it is distinctly displayed in the Metropolitan Museum. The wood cut was created by Albrecht Durer to celebrate the arrival in Lisbon of the Indian Rhinoceros animal on 20 May 1515. The wood cut vividly incorporates the proportion, anatomy, and perspective essences of Northern Italian renaissance art, incorporated from the Italian masters when Albrecht Durer visited and studied the uniqueness and personal intensity of the Italian renaissance artists. Further, the painting is based on the rhinoceros story. The ruler of Gujarat, Sultan Muzafar II (1511 -1526) gave the rhinoceros to the

The Competitive Advantage of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Competitive Advantage of China - Essay Example The country is ranked very low on considerations of favoritism in government decision making (Rank 43rd), ethical behavior (47th) Intellectual property protection (58th) and auditing and accounting standards (95th). These are artificial constraints and businesses have to be more innovative (manipulative) to succeed. The extent of sophistication of China's competitive advantage was quite poor, the country being ranked at 59th on this factor. Its competitiveness is based more on providing cheap labor and natural resources rather than unique and sophisticated products, technologies and processes. The country's state owned enterprises and the banking sector are still in deep trouble, government intervention to protect these lead to skewed decisions. Levels of financial intermediation are low and the state has had to intervene from time to time to mitigate the adverse effects of a large, non-performing loan portfolio. Added to this is the artificially fixed exchange rate that has remained unchanged at 8.28 Rmb/US$ in the period under review. Floating of the Yuan to see its market driven level shall have major repercussions on the economy as it likely to appreciate considerably making Chinese products more expensive and allow competition from other countries. In terms of consumer sophistication China ranked 42nd; and only 64th in terms of the extent to which its domestic consumers actively de

Recall Crisis Of Toyota Motor Corporation

Recall Crisis Of Toyota Motor Corporation Enclosed is a copy of Recall Crisis of Toyota Motor Corporation. This report summarizes on the major causes of the Recall Crisis, its aftermath on the company and recommendations to help the company recover from the crisis. It describes the issues and problems which our company is facing while recalling automobiles with manufacturing defects. It also describes the customer concerns regarding their safety and future choice of Toyota for themselves. It also discusses how the crisis is posing threat on its reputation and market expansion strategies in future. This report implements some recommendations to overcome the crisis. The report presents detailed analysis of the causes of the various manufacturing defects in automobiles. Analysis helps to look deeply and elaborately into the reasons rather than only understanding their overview. The recommendations in the report emphasizes on adapting strategies which will help us to resume our brand image as one of the best regarded automobile brand in the world for quality and safety . It also included measures we need to follow to overcome the financial losses incurred during the crisis. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provides detailed analysis and evaluations of the automobile recall crisis at Toyota Motor Corp Ltd during the year 2010 2011. It brings to focus the manufacturing defects which caused financial loss of around US $ 5.5 billion and setback to its brand image. Method of analysis used is secondary data research. Data was obtained from diverse sources to understand the affect of crisis in various sectors of market. The report seeks attention to the year 2009 2010, when accidents were initially reported in North America but eventually it spread to other countries in the world. The manufacturing defects caused sudden unintended acceleration making driver of the car lose the control. Initially the company considered floor mats as the only cause of the accidents but as more accidents were reported from other parts of Europe, it was understood that scenario is not as simple as it seemed and it needed detailed analysis. The major manufacturing defects identified were sticky gas pedals, floor mats and brake problems. The report has critical analysis of these key issues and problems and it explains the reasons of these defects. During the year 2009 2011 the company and its suppliers had suffered heavy monetary losses. Also Toyota is struggling to regain its brand value which has surpassed its 70 year old history. The report suggests possible measures that can be taken from immediate effect to help the company recover from the crisis. The company should setup small team to quickly research, design the fix and retest them . It should opt for software upgradation which would ensure drivers safety by forcefully shutting down the engine in the events of unpredictable manufacturing defects similar to unintended acceleration. Company also needs to have effective crisis management team and processes defined .Being a global company it is always at risk of some crisis so it should have defined process to follow during those times which would help minimise the after affects of the crisis . Also, future plans of rapid market expansion should be carefully designed in way that they secure its brand image alongside of market expansion. These recommendations if successfully implemented will be helpful to overcome the present crisis and also prepare the company to brave any future crisis. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to familiarise the Toyotas management group about the various issues which company is facing due to Recall crisis. The report is being presented to CEO of Toyota Group. The facts and figures provided in the report for recall crisis are part of secondary data information. This data is mostly the one which has been shared with public by social media since the crisis started. This report emphasises on the manufacturing defects in the top world class brands of Toyotas cars. These defects were brought into light only after many fatal accidents were reported across Europe. These sequence of events badly affected companys image and customers trust in its products. Delayed response and public interaction of made the situation worse. As the pressure mounted, in addition to the recall of millions of cars the production was stopped in the plants across the affected countries. The report also includes company background and its historical rise to be the largest company in the world. Management has been given recommendations and their corresponding implementations which will help company to get over the crisis and resume profitability. COMPANY BACKGROUND Toyota Motor Corporation is globally recognised as Automaker Market leader. In 2008 it overtook General Motors Corp to become worlds largest automaker with production of 4.8 million of cars and trucks. This is remarkable achievement for the organisation which survived Second World War and its after affects of severe economic crisis and resource scarcity. Toyotas uniquely designed management philosophy of Toyota Production System or TPS is the key contributor in its success. Toyota not only inspired the world with its innovative designs but also with its management philosophy .TPS has been adapted by many western companies. The company history is 70 years old, it was founded by Sakichi Toyoda in Japan in 1937. Toyota City, Aichi is the company headquarter, while its manufacturing business is distributed throughout the world in about 27 countries. Toyotas primary business segment is automotive design, manufacture and sales.It has also diversified in financial services and robotics segments. Initially small cars were the primary products with the first one launched in 1947 .During this time Toyota was battling with post war conditions while on the other side American companies were concentrating on manufacturing medium and large sized cars. In the following years Toyota focussed on innovation and technology and soon it started producing vehicles with conventional engine and hybrid engines. Its product line-up includes subcompact and compact cars, mini-vehicles, mid-size, luxury, sports and specialty cars, recreational and sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, minivans, trucks and buses. Toyotas models like Toyota Prius, Camry, Corolla, Land cruisers, Lexus have established themselves as global brand image. Key Issues / Problems: In August 2009 Toyota Motor Corp had to recall 3.8 million vehicles in US after fatal accident of Lexus ES 350 was reported in South California .Initially the company reported it as a problem with ill fitting floor mats but by 2010 many more accidents were reported across US, Europe ,Canada and there were 13 separate recalls in all . During the initial investigation the company reported the cause to be incorrect installation of floor mats and announced recalling of floor mats on 4.2 million Toyota and Lexus vehicles. The company appealed customers to remove floor mats and dislodge them in trunk while the dealers were instructed to reinstall the floor mats so that they no longer interfered with gas pedals. But floor mats were not supposed to be the only manufacturing defects because in December 2009 Toyota Avalon crash was reported where floor mats were found in the trunk of car. Toyota announced the issue to be unrelated to floor mats and recalled another 2.3 million vehicles. In the next 5 days of recall announcement company had to shut down its five North American plants .This cost the company and its dealers loss in profit of $ 1.5 million every week. As the company looked into the possible causes of accidents in its products, it announced recall of many other models like Toyota Venza, Toyota Highlander and Pontiac Vibe. Vehicle Sales comparison graph 2006 -2010: Significant reduced sales from 2009-10 (Source:Toyota Annual Report ,2010,pg 36) Revenues by Market 2010: Significant reduction in revenue from North America and Europe region during 2009-10(Source:Toyota Annual Report ,2010,pg 39) The three key manufacturing defects which caused accidents due to sudden unintended acceleration in Toyota automobiles were: Accelerator pedals trapped by floor mats. Accelerator pedals with poor design problems causing them to stick. Prius brake problems. The accidents continued for next few months after the companys claim of having fixed floor- mat issues. Toyota realised the gravity of issue and in addition to recalling the vehicles of few models it was forced to shut down production of top 8 selling brands in US, Canada and Europe. The neglected responsibility by the Toyota groups leadership during the massive recall of cars tarnished its brand image. Toyota did not act responsibly towards the accidents. They considered the failure cause as just the floor mats and failed to look into other possibilities of the accidents. The alert notices were sent to the customers informing them of upcoming recall of vehicles to fix the unintended acceleration issue , but they titled the letters as No defects exist. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in US , governments arm for road safety, was investigating the fatal accident of Toyota vehicle and did not accept Toyotas approach of handling the crisis .It conducted major press release and called the companys steps as irresponsible and the floor mat cause as just a provisional step. Meanwhile media brought up some unknown facts for the public, they reported that there had been numerous complaints of unintended acceleration filed by the drivers in past decade. There were also reports of some lawsuits being settled for undisclosed amount of money. These investigations had been under NHTSA control with no reports or findings published for customers. For one of model of Toyota, Camry 2006, NHTSA had asked Toyota to look into issue which in turn Toyota delegated to its supplier. With new reporting of accidents of Toyota from 2009, NHTSA was pulled up for its soft support to the company and keeping the complaints of last 8 years under cover. Thus NHTSA came up offensively against the company while investigating the accidents happened in 2009 2010 and revealed its findings through public media. These sequence of events badly affected Toyotas reputation globally. Brand Finance worlds leading brand valuation consultancy downgraded Toyotas value from AAArating and a value of $ 12billion to A rating with value of $ 24 billion. (Cited http://blogs.motortrend.com/the-toyota-recalls-the-damage-control-finally-starts-2546.html, 3 December 2011) Future marketing and production of new innovative automobiles by Toyota Motor Corp is great concern. The company has to recover its lost trust before designing and launching new cars in market. Though the crisis was only related to Toyota, it affected the global automotive industry because it made the customers over concerned about their safety and they would no longer relate their security to brand image. The various issues and problems of Toyota Motor Corp are listed above in the report. I would like to address the key issues of the Toyotas recall crisis.These would be the manufacturing and quality defects, damage to brand image and unaccountability of the management. CRITICAL ANALYSIS In 1995 under the leadership of new president, Hiorshi Okuda, Toyota started new market expansion strategy called 2005 vision. The target was set to increase global market share from 7.3% in 1995 to 10% in decade but this was achieved in 1998 when it reached 9.7% .The target was extended to 15% in 2010. This is supported by Cole, E,R. (2011). What Really Happened to Toyota?.MIT Sloan Mnagement Review 52(4), 32. This new strategy was quite different from Toyotas traditional strategy in past decades. It focussed on providing quality product to its customers than to increase its sales and customer count. The expansion required involvement of more suppliers to provide auto parts .These new suppliers were mostly not from Japan and did not belong to companys usual supplier network. But the company was falling short of engineers who could supervise the products of new suppliers to see Toyota standards were still maintained. Toyota had over decades build strong supplier network and these suppliers were involved in product development to ensure that they are aware of quality standards Toyotas customers expected. To develop new designs contract engineers were roped in and 30% of global development work was done by them. Also design cycles were accelerated and time between exterior design approval and start of sales was compressed to less than 20 months. The new suppliers did not have opportunities to follow Toyota Way.Toyota Way is based on vision and values of Toyota like continuous improvement through innovation, respect for others and teamwork. The Product Complexity also causes quality issues and this is more common in automobile industry where demand for luxury products is growing .The automakers of luxury cars focus on continuous improvement of technology in every new product they launch. Other reasons for product complexity are stricter government regulations on emissions and fuel consumption, increased competition in the industry and high demand of comfortable luxury automobiles. Crisis Management: Organisations these days are well aware that crisis cannot be predicted and none of the companies can think of themselves to be resistant to crisis. Enron, 9/11, tsunami these provide examples of the various forms in which crisis can strike. Here comes the significance of Crisis Management Program .Ineffective handling of crisis by company severely affects its brand ,operation, finance performance and customer loyalty , in short it affects it reputation as whole. Crisis Communication is crucial part of Crisis Management Program. Absence or neglect of adequate communication during crisis leads to: Operational response breaks down Stakeholders do not get clear picture of what is happening and have confused and negative perceptions. Organisation can be perceived to be inept or criminally negligent. The slow leakage of information to customers is confusing and annoying to them and this happens when companies do not organise disclosure to their customers during crisis. Toyota Motor Corp during the recall crisis suffered huge setback on its reputation due to unorganised crisis management plan. During this time social media as part of their duty was updating the public regarding the recalls happening, models affected and risk to public safety. On the other hand Toyota was hesitant to address publicly the issues. Toyotas President , Akio Toyoda , took long time about six months to admit to its customers We are in Crisis in public apology. This delay caused major harm to companys reputation. During crisis consumers and other stakeholders like dealers ,vendors look for evidences that company is committed to resolve the issues , safeguard consumers interests and be interested to get back on track of growth .This elevates trust and confidence of stakeholders in the company . An example of effective crisis communication was noticed few years back during recall crisis of automaker Ford. 2000 cars were recalled of popular brand Explorer due to defective firestone tire which caused deadly crashes. Jacques Nasser , the then CEO of Ford communicated to his consumers directly through newspapers , TV advertisements etc. He briefed them about problem and also repeated the assurances that issue would be resolved soon .Accurate timing ,response and sincerity are vital for successful crisis management. In todays world of digital media, crisis communication needs to be spread out on all digital fronts social media, blogs and company websites. Toyota could have utilised popular social networks facebook and twitter. Thousands of its fans following on these channels could have been easily communicated by the organisation about the extent of crisis control and safety measures taken for consumers. CONCLUSION This report on Recall Crisis of Toyota Motor Corp can be summarised with key findings and their causes, followed by the recommendations and implementation plan. The findings show in the later period of year 2009 that various incidents were reported of fatal accidents in North America and Europe. These were caused basically due to either of three manufacturing errors -pedals trapped by floor mats , sticky pedals and brakes problems of Prius model. According to critical analysis of key issues in this report, there were various factors over the years which lead to manufacturing defects and ineffective crisis management. These factors had been ignored by the organisation as it focussed primarily on the vision of being leading automaker of the world. As the organisation expanded into new markets to increase its sales it did not keep up with its traditional policies also known as Toyota Way. The organisations negligence towards efficient crisis management system hampered its ability to effectively follow up on the accidents at appropriate time. The recommendations and implementation plan followed up in the report will help the organisation to recover its loses and also regain its brand image for future endeavours. RECOMMENDATIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Below are mentioned some recommendations I would like to provide, to help Toyota overcome the recall crisis, restore its brand image and recover losses by resuming its profitable production. Firstly, Toyota should find out the durable fix for sticky gas pedals for different models of its cars. Secondly, the company should preferably provide a software upgradation in its different existing models of automobiles and also the new upcoming models. Thirdly, Toyota should have functional risk management team or crisis management team. The company can also bond with other companies who provide support for crisis management. Toyota can outsource this operation to well acclaimed company. Lastly, Aggressive growth strategies should be well planned by the management. The above recommendations can be implemented in following ways: Toyota should setup small team to research and design the fixes for the issue. Team should include engineers, who have helped previously in designing various models at Toyota and the suppliers. Suppliers should work closely with the team so that they are aware of the processes to follow while designing autoparts. The company should ensure exhaustive test for the fixes before releasing it to consumer market. The software is to empower the drivers so that they have alternatives in situations of any failures in future. Some of automobile manufacturers are already using similar kind of softwares in electronic throttle bodies. Their purpose is to interrupt the flow of gasoline to engine when driver steps on pedal brakes while gas pedal is stuck. This will prevent fatality in case of similar manufacturing defects happen in future. Company can look to similar softwares already begin used by other major automakers in the world and then design / customise for their automobiles. The software upgradation is better than providing repairs for the sticky gas pedal because automobiles have thousands of components and usually the problems occurs due to interaction between different components .These are quite difficult to identify during their testing .So in case repairs are done to fix the issue by adding or removing some component parts , car will also have the upgraded software system which will allow to cut fuel supply if self intended acceleration occurs again with new repairs. It has been witnessed that most of the global historic crisis could not be predicted before its impact was actually realised. Crisis management team should include experts from all working domains of the company that is engineering, marketing, finance etc .The team members should be well trained to act decisively and quickly. Effective and timely actions are very important to recover from crisis. During the recall crisis Toyota interacted with public quite late while the social media was communicating daily with public on crisis follow up .This made the consumers doubt the company if it was really was concerned about their safety and also if company had any resolution for the crisis. While the company focuses on extensive market expansion globally and increasing production multiple times , it should also give equal importance to policies and strategies it had been following since decades. Quality and reliability were the two key things which had helped build Toyota in these many years but while it aimed to become top automaker in the world , not much importance was given to them. During the growth of an organisation its supplier chain is very crucial as its needed to join hands with new suppliers in new locations. Toyota should ensure the suppliers are familiar with its processes and standards as defined in Toyota Way.

Education Empowers Women Essay

Education empowers women. To prevent a problem from aggravating shouldn’t we start from the root of it? The beauty of education is that it allows us to work with the root- Girls. Empowering girls with education can show girls that femininity does not entail docility instead a women can be assertive and at the same time exude femininity. With this mindset, women would more likely stand up for themselves. Only when women and girls in these poor countries are given their due education would they be willing to stand up for their rights. Education not only allows adolescent females to stand up against unjust actions towards them it is also a way out of poverty. An ifidiof cocktail of repressive patriarchal belief about female worth, sexual abuse, human trafficking, child labor and child marriage practices prevent girls from ever developing the skills they need to escape poverty only education shines a small light leading them away from poverty. Think about it, if a girl was given the education, she has a chance of surviving outside her village. Let’s say she finishes high school and is given a small scholarship to study university in the capital. After she finishes university, she manages to get a job and starts sending in money to her family. Soon enough, her family would be able to buy food and necessities escaping the rut of poverty. That woman has broken the cycle of poverty. The return on a country’s investment in its women is enormous. Investment in girls’ education, especially secondary education, yields high returns in the form of increased wages it also increases their standing in the household. Until women are numerate and literate, it is difficult for them to start a business or contribute meaningfully to their nation’s economy, therefore if a country wants to prosper, it would be wise to start investing in women’s education. People might say that if a boy was given the same education he might be able to do the same however the majority of man after getting their pay would rather spend it on prostitution or maybe in a bar. A study has shown that when women gain control of money, less money is spent on instant gratification and more is given to the family. We also know that educated mothers are more likely to educate their own children — and that can have carry-on effects for generations. China presents itself as a good role model in terms of providing education to women. China used to be one of the most sexist societies in the world. However, when its citizens started showing interest in providing their children with education, the china government gladly funded the course. Sadly, the above scenario is definitely an ideal one. There are always possibilities that mothers may pull out their children due to their financial difficulties. Therefore to make sure that there is no hiccup when providing education to women we have to come up with ways to make children especially women stay in school. Of which one of the ways would be to present the family with bribes. One of the way to make adolescent females stay in school is actually by giving them free meals in school as well as even paying the family. The UN’s school feeding program distributes food to the school-going kids for free and if the child has a good attendance they would get a take-home ration which acts as a bribe to the family. This not only allows the child to stay in school for a longer period of time, it helps the family as well. Education for women unlocks the door to a better world. When a women is armed with education, the possibility of her child being raised educated would definitely be higher. She would also treat herself with respect, women suicides would then be reduced, maternal mortality rate would also decrease as she makes use of health services. Former UN secretary once said: â€Å"Study after study has taught us that there is no tool more effective for development than the empowerment of women. † Nevertheless, the whole idea of education would work only when the men in the family realize that the way out of poverty would be allowing their daughters to actually study. However, the discrimination of women has greatly been imprinted into their minds and thus when male chauvinism kicks in the chances of them allowing their daughters to be educated would also be minimal. Therefore, not only should we educate the females we have to educate the males as well so that they understand that women rights should not be neglected. This way they would not feel that a women is stealing a man’s position when she pursues education, instead it is just merely their right. I do believe many people are still skeptical of investing in women’s education however I would like to urge countries to give it a try and see for themselves what a wonder it would do for the country as a whole.

Melville’s “Bartleby the Scrivener”: Humorous or Tragic? Essay

If ever there are two opposite themes offered in the telling of one tale, it is in Herman Melville’s short story, â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†. As his perspective swings between the objective and subjective, so swings the theme from comedy to tragedy. Regardless of the two perspectives from which Herman Melville relates the story of Bartleby, the telling of a tragic story with humorous subjectivity, the story’s plot and outcome determines the categorization. In fact, had Melville not peppered the story with his narrative, light-hearted, internal musings, and shared with the audience a â€Å"grasping at straw† style of rationalization, the main theme could only have been categorized as tragic. Regardless of the two perspectives from which Herman Melville relates the story of Bartleby, the telling of a tragic story sprinkled with humorous subjectivity, the actual story line, through its progression should determine its categorization. For this reason, Bartl eby the Scrivener, is a tragedy. Throughout the story Melville relates the many troubling incidents experienced with the mysterious copier. Bartleby’s reactions to his superior are so unlike those which most of us have ever experienced, human nature causes the reader to attempt to apply logic to his eccentricities. When asked to proofread a copy, Bartleby’s outrageous answer is, â€Å"I prefer not to†. Having just been introduced to Bartleby and still formulating a first impression, the audience is required to grapple with a logical explanation for his troubling behaviour. At that point, Melville introduces his first bit of comic relief, enlisting the audience’s empathy in stating, â€Å"To befriend Bartleby; to humour him in his strange wilfulness will cost me little or nothing, while I lay up in my soul what will eventually prove a sweet morsel for my conscience†. Since there is no excusing Bartleby’s behaviour, Melville finds solace in rationalizing his reaction and the r eader is quick to empathize, having found no explanation for the behaviour. When his conscience no longer provides for rationalizing the acceptance of Bartleby’s strange behaviour, Melville invites the reader to appreciate the behaviour’s usefulness. To some degree, the â€Å"little guy† in us is somewhat envious of Bartleby’s statement, â€Å"I prefer not to†. How many times would we have used this statement in our lives if we had no fear of the  repercussions? As the story progresses and Bartleby’s behaviour is becoming the norm, the banter between Mr. Nippers, Turkey and the lawyer becomes filled with the word â€Å"prefer†, the expression which has caused everyone such grief up to that point. After suggesting that Bartleby â€Å"would prefer to take a quart of good ale every day†, Turkey states, â€Å"Oh. Prefer? Oh yes – queer word. I never use it myself†. He then replies, â€Å"Oh, certainly, sir, if you prefer that I should†, upon being asked to leave the room. Melville is calling on the reader’s â€Å"little guy† to relate to the subconsciously driven behaviour of the characters. As the employer becomes more agitated, as a result of his circle of friends and acquaintances’ comments, Melville shares his mental gymnastics with the reader. His though process begins with the suggestion that, allowing Bartleby’s occupation of his offices would result in him having to â€Å"mason up his remains in the wall†, when he died. This not being a logical solution, he moves on to the question of whether or not Bartleby could be considered a vagrant. The reader is astonished with his conclusion that, not only will he not force Bartleby to move, he, himself will move without Bartleby. However extreme the employer’s solution has become, the reader can offer no solution and is dragged, empathetically, once again, into the rationalization of the employer, yet still amused by the bizarre situation. Melville lends humour to one conversation between the lawyer and Bartleby, in the form of contradiction. While visiting Bartleby at the office where he had been left, the lawyer again makes suggestions to Bartleby of ways in which he can better his circumstances. Along with the usual â€Å"I prefer not to†, all suggestions were punctuated with, â€Å"I am not particular†. It is at this point in the story, although amusing in its use of contradiction, the reader comes to realize that Bartleby is not making any kind of statement in his refusal to conform. Having become more evident as the story has progressed, is the fact that Bartleby’s amusing, shocking and at times humorous behaviour is not personality driven but driven by his mental instability. As the story winds down, Melville allows no more room for amusement at  Bartleby’s expense. Bartleby has wound up in â€Å"The Tombs, or to speak more properly, the Halls of Justice†. He has rejected the lawyer’s attempts at conversation and although the lawyer is still trying to make Bartleby’s life easier in the few ways he can, Bartleby refuses to acknowledge it. The sad rumour is shared with the reader, about Bartleby’s experience in the Dead Letter Office, which helps to explain Bartleby’s mental state. Once again, the reader is required to examine his own conscience. Bartleby, as it turns out, if not a product of humanity with all its flaws, is at least an example of it. He draws our attention to this in exclaiming, â€Å"Ah Bartleby! Ah humanity!† â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-street†, should be considered a tragedy, if not in the nature of the story-telling, then in the unfolding of the plot. The characters’ eccentricities, when coupled with the narrator’s take on them, have allowed Melville to present the tragedy in an amusing manner but Bartleby has lead such a sad life ending in such a regrettable way, this short story is tragic in theme.

Cinematography in Fight Club essays

Cinematography in Fight Club essays Both the cinematography and editing often have an important role in portraying to the viewer the underlying themes and ideas being communicated by a particular films plot. David Finchers film Fight Club is an excellent example of how various editorial and cinematic effects can greatly reinforce the themes of a film as well as create the an appropriate atmosphere in order to further enthrall the viewer into its plot. In Fight Club the protagonist unknowingly has a severe split personality disorder and is portrayed by two characters, the narrator played by Edward Norton and Tyler Durden played by Brad Pitt. While the fact that these two are actually the same person is not made known to the viewer until the end of the film, the majority of the film is spent creating a dichotomy between the behaviors and ideals of these two characters in order to shock the unsuspecting viewer upon discovering the truth about the protagonist. In a larger sense the differences between the protagonists con flicting personalities reflect differences inherent in the entire social structure of modern America. In making Fight Club David Fincher, as well as the films entire production team use a great deal of editing effects and cinematography in order to illustrate the dichotomy between, not just Tyler and the narrator, but also their conflicting ways of life. One of the most important methods used in showing the differences between the narrators stereotypical yuppie lifestyle and Tylers self destructive, anti-establishment driven compulsion is the lighting and color used in various scenes throughout the film. Places such as the narrators condo and workplace are always well lit and seem to be in perfect order. The color schemes of such places, as well as the outfits worn by the narrators coworkers and neighbors usually consist of neutral, non-flashy colors such as whites and gray and seem generic and typica...

The Five Powers of Buddhism

The Five Powers of Buddhism The spiritual path can seem a frustrating slog much of the time. The Buddha knew this, and he taught that there are five spiritual qualities that, when developed together, become the panca bala in Sanskrit and Pali, five powers that overcome hindrances. The five are faith, effort, mindfulness, concentration, and wisdom. Faith The word faith is a red flag for many of us. The word often is used to mean blind acceptance of doctrines without evidence. And the Buddha clearly taught us to not accept any doctrine or teaching blindly, as found in the Kalama Sutta. But in Buddhism, faith shraddha (Sanskrit) or saddha (Pali) means something closer to trust or confidence. This includes trust and confidence in yourself, knowing that you can overcome obstacles through the power of practice. This trust does not mean accepting Buddhist doctrines as true. Rather, it means that you trust the practice to develop your own insight into what the doctrines teach. In the Saddha Sutta of the Pali Canon, the Buddha compared trust in the dharma to the way birds trust a tree in which they build their nests. Often we experience to practice as a balancing act between faith and bewilderment. This is good; be willing to look deeply at what bewilders you. Looking deeply does not mean concocting an intellectual explanation to cover your ignorance. It means practicing wholeheartedly with your uncertainties and being open to insight when it comes. Energy The Sanskrit word for energy is virya. Virya evolved from an ancient Indo-Iranian word that meant hero, and in the Buddhas day virya had come to refer to the strength of a great warrior to overcome his enemies. This strength can be mental as well as physical. If you are struggling with inertia, torpor, laziness, or whatever you want to call it, how do you develop virya? Id say a first step is to take inventory of your daily life to see whats draining you and address that. It could be a job, a relationship, an unbalanced diet. Please be clear, however, that addressing your energy drains does not necessarily mean walking away from them. The late Robert Aitken Roshi said, The first lesson is that distraction or obstruction are just negative terms for your context. Circumstances are like your arms and legs. They appear in your life to serve your practice. As you become more and more settled in your purpose, your circumstances begin to synchronize with your concerns. Chance words by friends, books, and poems, even the wind in the trees brings precious insight. [From the book, The Practice of Perfection] Read More: Virya Paramita: The Perfection of Energy Mindfulness Mindfulness sati (Pali) or smriti (Sanskrit) is a whole-body-and-mind awareness of the present moment. To be mindful is to be fully present, not lost in daydreams or worry. Why is this important? Mindfulness helps us break the habits of mind that separate us from everything else. Through mindfulness, we stop filtering our experiences through judgments and biases. We learn to see things directly, as they are. Right, Mindfulness is part of the Eightfold Path. Zen teacher Thich Nhat Hanh said, When Right Mindfulness is present, the Four Noble Truths and the other seven elements of the Eightfold Path are also present. (The Heart of the Buddhas Teaching, p. 59) Concentration Concentration in Buddhism means to become so absorbed that all distinctions between self and others are forgotten. The deepest absorption is samadhi, which means to bring together. Samadhi prepares the mind for enlightenment. Samadhi is associated with meditation, and also with the dhyanas, or four stages of absorption. Wisdom In Buddhism, wisdom (Sanskrit prajna; Pali panna) does not exactly fit the dictionary definition. What do we mean by wisdom? The Buddha said, Wisdom penetrates into dharmas as they are in themselves. It disperses the darkness of delusion, which covers up the own-being of dharmas. Dharma, in this case, refers to the truth of what is; the true nature of everything. The Buddha taught that this kind of wisdom comes only from direct, and intimately experienced, insight. It does not come from crafting intellectual explanations. Developing the Powers The Buddha compared these powers to a team of five horses. Mindfulness is the lead horse. After that, faith is paired with wisdom and energy is paired with concentration. Working together, these powers dispel illusion and open doors of insight.

The Corrupt Practices of the Police and Correctional Systems Assignment

The Corrupt Practices of the Police and Correctional Systems - Assignment Example IV. Correctional Facility Violence. A. Causes of Correctional Facility Violence. B. Types of Correctional Facility Violence. V. Recommendations. A. Recommendations on Police Corruption & Violence. B. Recommendations on Correctional Facility Violence. VI. Conclusion. The Corrupt Practices of the Police and Correctional Systems Abstract Despite many reported improvements that have been made in the past few years the American Police and Correctional System remains steeped in serious problems including violence, corruption and an endemic culture of brutality that unfortunately continues to unfairly target and harm especially minorities. Since the highly publicized brazen police brutality captured on film being meted out on Rodney King in Los Angeles more than a decade ago in 1992, there still continue to be many reports of instances of law enforcement officials using undue force on civilians either while arresting them, after they have been arrested and while being interrogated. The cult ure of violence continues into the correctional institutions where prison officials regularly brutalize inmates. The police forces in many states also continue to be in the midst of corruption and highly stressful work conditions that to a great degree also contribute to this violence. Introduction Working as a policeman has long been considered not only a noble and sacrificial vocation but one that brings with it a strenuous, high octane and sometimes highly dangerous occupation. It calls for a dedication that goes far beyond many non-public minded citizens and can be a thankless, never-ending task for which many officers receive little or no recognition, despite the fact they are usually out there putting their life and limb literally on the line of fire day in day out. There is a large number of police officers and correctional facility minders who perform their duties with a high degree of integrity, honesty and dedication. Unfortunately, there are still a number of police offic ers of all ranks in the police forces throughout the country who have succumbed to the pressures of their jobs and the stress it inflicts on them to resort to corrupt and violent behavior that continues to be reported (Carter, 2012). Corruption & Violence According to a typical police officer’s code of ethics that members of the police force are required by law to abide by, one of the key requirements is that they must out their duties with a high degree of integrity, a great deal of fairness and in a totally impartial way. They are also expected to ensure that they do not exceed their authority or violate the constitutional rights of any person (Florida Department of Law Enforcement, n.d.). Yet one needs only look at the daily press to see the constant news of police officers breaking each of these basic rules. In April, 2013, a former New York detective retired and sued the NYPD, claiming that the department’s internal affairs department – their own unit for p roviding over the workings of the department – for discrimination against her because of her race and for being unable or unwilling to tackle the corruption in the department (Marzulli, 2013). In October another NYPD officer, on being sentenced for felony charges of civil rights violation said in open court that the NYPD was the most corrupt police department in the world (Signore, 2012). Many police departments are plagued by an endemic corruption that has long persisted in many police departments such as the NYPD and the Chicago Police Department (CPD). The

Financial strengths and weaknesses of Primax, Alpha and Beta; Essay

Financial strengths and weaknesses of Primax, Alpha and Beta; - Essay Example Some accountants contend that Bank Overdraft should be treated as a long-term liability since that arrangement with the bank is is almost permanent (so long as the enterprise is a going concern). On the other hand, some accountants that contend that Bank Overdraft should be treated as a current liability since this facility may be withdrawn by the bank at any time. As a conservative measure of short-term financial position, Bank Overdraft has been considered as a current liability in the current instance. The current ratios of both the firms are nearly same but when compared to that of Primax both of them are well below the desired level. However, there could be firms that have low current ratios but work efficiently as is the case in fast food industry. This is so because current ratio does not analyze the quality of current assets which might contain obsolete stocks or slow paying and doubtful debtors. In the current instance it is observed that while Alpha has cash worth 43, Beta does not have any cash balances. Hence, though current ratio of Alpha is lesser than Beta, from a broader perspective, between the two; Alpha is in a better position than Beta (C. C. D. Consultants Inc. 2009). Quick Ratio = (Current Assets – Stock)/(Current Liabilities) Quick Ratio of Primax = (3399-1102)/1098 = 2.09 Quick Ratio of Alpha = (525-306)/745 = 0.29 Quick Ratio of Beta = (636-224)/853 = 0.48 If we consider Primax’s quick ratio as a benchmark, both these firms fall woefully short of that, but of the two, Beta seems to be in a better position provided of course its trade receivables are all good without any possibility of bad debts or slow recovery. Solvency Ratios Solvency Ratios evaluate long-term capability of a business... One of the most popular tools of identifying financial strengths and weaknesses of an enterprise is through Accounting Ratio that could be used by a financial analyst to qualitatively evaluate the financial status and level of performance of an organization. This project analyses in detail financial strengths and weaknesses of Primax, Alpha and Beta; three firms engaged in manufacturing furniture. While Primax among them is most financially sound the other two firms are not doing that well financially. Any business consists of a series of interrelated processes that operate in tandem to produce the final output that the consumer wants. Kaplan and Norton have identified certain groups or bundle of activities that should be considered as independent units for the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of the entire business process. These independent units are: operations management, customer management, innovations, regulatory compliance and social responsibility in that order of import ance. Efficiency of a business enterprise in each of these sectors should be independently measured and the overall efficiency of the business enterprise would be calculated as a weighted average of these independent measures. Unless an enterprise can satisfy its customers it cannot exist. The best way to do it is to identify the most profitable group of customers and focus marketing efforts in wooing this group. However, the costs of such an exercise should never exceed the tangible benefits obtained from it.

What happens in the Big Bang Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

What happens in the Big Bang - Research Paper Example A normal misconception about the theory is that it depicts the root of the universe. That is not exactly right. The big bang is an effort to illustrate how the universe was created from an exceptionally minor, thick state into what it is today. It does not try to illustrate what started the production of the universe, or what preceded the big bang or even what lies outside the universe. An alternate confusion is that the big bang was a sort of eruption. That is not correct either. The big bang depicts the development of the universe. While a few forms of the theory allude to a incredibly quick expansion (potentially faster than the speed of light), it’s still not a blast in the actual sense. (Gefter, 2012) Summing up the big bang theory is a test. It includes ideas that contradict the way we observe the world. The earliest phases of the big bang concentrate on a moment in which all the individual forces of the universe were a part of a united force. The laws of science start to crush down the further back we look. Inevitably, we are unable to make any deductive speculations about what is going on, since science itself doesnt apply in this situation. What is the big bang theory? Well. It is one of the most important theories in astronomy. The ideas of the theory are quite simple. All of the present and past matter in the universe came in to existence at the same time. At one particular point in time, around 13.7 billion years ago all matter was compacted into a very little ball with infinite thickness, and extremely hot called a singularity. All of a sudden, that singularity started to grow and expand and the universe came into existence. That is the essential thought of the big bang theory which will be continued further in order to make it easier for us to understand. (Chown, 2012) To start with, we might as well address the idea of what a singularity is. As per

Historical Letter Essay Example for Free

Historical Letter Essay What privileges do you enjoy today? Do you have air-conditioning when the sun scorches your back? Do you have heating machines when the cold bites you from deep inside? Do you have a vehicle that brings you to your destination without you having to hike three mountains or so? Which of these privileges do you take for granted? It’s because you never experienced living without these privileges that you do not fully understand and appreciate their importance. What other rights do you have? Are girls allowed to go school with boys? Are women given access in the universities as men are? Can women engage in careers that men are engaged in? Can women vote? I am Mary Ellise Scott. An eighteen-year-old lady from Pennsylvania. And through this letter I will explain to you how different your time is from my time. There was a time when all these were deprived of women. Take for instance the right to vote. In the 19th century, in my century, I am already am eighteen years old. But despite this fact, I am not allowed to vote – I am not allowed to choose who will represent my needs in government. This is why in my century Carrie S. Burnham, a teacher and a physician took her case to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania on 4 April 1873. This was already the peak of her campaign, as she was already going around Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and all other cities in the country, speaking about this. I was just sixteen years old when she came and spoke in our town square. I always thought before that the order that things are in now, is that’s what it’s supposed to be – men vote and women don’t, just because. I never thought of it in a perspective of inequality until I heard her arguments about it. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court rejected her arguments. Susan B. Anthony campaigned for the same rights, and eventually got senators to amend the Constitution and finally allow women to vote. There are others who are like this during my time. There are many women who thought and realized that the handicap they are accorded on account of their sex is just plain unfair. One of these is Mary Church Terrel. Indeed, it is difficult to be a woman during my time. While we are already allowed to go the university and study, most of the parents who send their children who are women to school, just do the same for the sake of saying that they allow their children to go to school. But after graduating, their daughters are already to marry. She goes to the university to study how it is to be a good housewife for the most part, and the other subject matters that would later on translate to a career, are disregarded. I consider those daughters lucky. At least they get to go to the university. For my case, father never allowed me to go to the university. He thought that my education was more than enough to find me a good husband and allow me to become a good mother. Father thinks that this is the only purpose that a woman has. A woman, as my mother had to stay at home, attend to the chores and needs of the husband and the children. He tells me that I do not need some fancy education and some expensive diploma to allow me to do this. He tells me that I will learn about being a good wife and mother, by staying at home and helping my mother out. I want to be a doctor you know. But how can I do that when my father only believes that I am meant for the broom and the ladle. This is also why the men in the family are more valued than the women. Aside from the fact that they have all the privileges you can think of, fathers treat them differently. They are the favorites because for them the men bring glory to the family, as they bring home the money and as they have the chance to pursue careers and become good at their fields, while women are just good for the house. There is a certain repulsion that I feel deep inside, with the knowledge that there really is no substantial difference between my brother and I, for him to be able to go to the university and for him to be able to vote. If he can decide for his country, why can’t I? Just because I am woman, I cannot vote. I do not see any logic in that. You see, you are lucky. You have everything you need and many more. So appreciate what you have and realize how difficult it was for us during this time to pursue something other than being homemakers. Women are not just for the brooms and ladle, we are for the books and for careers as well.

Introduction to Ethics Essay -- essays research papers

Ethics â€Å"What are we like, and what should we do?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As humans we are faced with many decisions in life, which in and of itself, distinguishes us from the animal kingdom. I’m sure other animals make decisions, but as humans we take into account our values and morals. In choosing which path to take with some of life’s decisions, ethics, are often at the center; heavily influencing our choices between what is right and what is wrong. Which are usually defined by society, as to what is acceptable and what is not. As time goes on, society evolves, so do the right and wrongs, our values and morals, and ethics. In philosophy, there were three ethical theories by Aristotle, Kant, and Bentham & Mill and they were the â€Å"Golden Mean†, â€Å"Categorical Imperative†, and â€Å"Greatest Good for the Greatest Number† respectively.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aristotle believed the one goal everyone strived for was â€Å"happiness† for one’s ownself. If you were a happy person, that would eventually lead to being a good person. He also believed that all living things had certain capacities, and that if one lives up to their full capacities, they will have lived well and had a fortunate life. He went on to state that the perfection of reason leads to the development of two desirable â€Å"virtues†, Moral and Intellectual. Moral virtues dealt with emotions. A person must keep these in balance, to go in either extreme of too much and too little, would be called â€Å"the excess† and â€Å"the defect†, respectively. The balance would be the â€Å"mean†. For example, courage is the mean between rashness (excess) and cowardice (defect). The golden mean is further analyzed in NICOMACHEAN ETHICS. The RHETORIC, is where Aristotle sums up the three categories in an analogical description of life with the Youthful Man (excess), the Elderly Man (defect), and the Man in His Prime (golden mean).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Intellectual virtues dealt with foresight and wisdom. Aristotle stated the attainment of these virtues could only be done by a select few. For one to be highly intellectual, is to be practically divine, next to the gods. With that being said, it discouraged a lot of people of that era. That’s when his theory was challenged and questioned. What about the artists or craftsmen? Are they denied happiness, because they haven’t attained intellectual perfection? Is in... ...ame-sex marriages and so on. It seems we’re in a shift of paradigms with the myriad of societal changes and acceptances. Is the solidarity of the human race degrading or evolving. Will today’s ethics, be the same tomorrow or in the future? Will they evolve? It seems the chaotic world we live in, the right and wrong seem to favor those in power, or at least be influenced by those people. It also seems, we lower our standards to suit the masses. For example, the carrying of back packs in uniform, before it was prohibited for a Sailor to throw a bag over their shoulder. Only if it was a seabag and only if both straps were on the shoulders. That standard has been altered, to allow plain black back packs to be carried with both straps over the shoulders. There are too many people carrying the backpacks with one strap on the shoulder, presenting a relaxed unprofessional appearance. Is the same happening to society with what is right and wrong? Are we lowering our standard s? References: THE STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY 5TH EDITION, S.MORRIS ENGEL ARISTOTLE ON THE MEAN, G.ZINIEWICZ KANT, DUTY, AND RESPECT, P.STRATTON-LAKE THE NINETEENTH CENTURY ROUTLEDGE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY VOL. 7, C.L. TEN Introduction to Ethics Essay -- essays research papers Ethics â€Å"What are we like, and what should we do?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As humans we are faced with many decisions in life, which in and of itself, distinguishes us from the animal kingdom. I’m sure other animals make decisions, but as humans we take into account our values and morals. In choosing which path to take with some of life’s decisions, ethics, are often at the center; heavily influencing our choices between what is right and what is wrong. Which are usually defined by society, as to what is acceptable and what is not. As time goes on, society evolves, so do the right and wrongs, our values and morals, and ethics. In philosophy, there were three ethical theories by Aristotle, Kant, and Bentham & Mill and they were the â€Å"Golden Mean†, â€Å"Categorical Imperative†, and â€Å"Greatest Good for the Greatest Number† respectively.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aristotle believed the one goal everyone strived for was â€Å"happiness† for one’s ownself. If you were a happy person, that would eventually lead to being a good person. He also believed that all living things had certain capacities, and that if one lives up to their full capacities, they will have lived well and had a fortunate life. He went on to state that the perfection of reason leads to the development of two desirable â€Å"virtues†, Moral and Intellectual. Moral virtues dealt with emotions. A person must keep these in balance, to go in either extreme of too much and too little, would be called â€Å"the excess† and â€Å"the defect†, respectively. The balance would be the â€Å"mean†. For example, courage is the mean between rashness (excess) and cowardice (defect). The golden mean is further analyzed in NICOMACHEAN ETHICS. The RHETORIC, is where Aristotle sums up the three categories in an analogical description of life with the Youthful Man (excess), the Elderly Man (defect), and the Man in His Prime (golden mean).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Intellectual virtues dealt with foresight and wisdom. Aristotle stated the attainment of these virtues could only be done by a select few. For one to be highly intellectual, is to be practically divine, next to the gods. With that being said, it discouraged a lot of people of that era. That’s when his theory was challenged and questioned. What about the artists or craftsmen? Are they denied happiness, because they haven’t attained intellectual perfection? Is in... ...ame-sex marriages and so on. It seems we’re in a shift of paradigms with the myriad of societal changes and acceptances. Is the solidarity of the human race degrading or evolving. Will today’s ethics, be the same tomorrow or in the future? Will they evolve? It seems the chaotic world we live in, the right and wrong seem to favor those in power, or at least be influenced by those people. It also seems, we lower our standards to suit the masses. For example, the carrying of back packs in uniform, before it was prohibited for a Sailor to throw a bag over their shoulder. Only if it was a seabag and only if both straps were on the shoulders. That standard has been altered, to allow plain black back packs to be carried with both straps over the shoulders. There are too many people carrying the backpacks with one strap on the shoulder, presenting a relaxed unprofessional appearance. Is the same happening to society with what is right and wrong? Are we lowering our standard s? References: THE STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY 5TH EDITION, S.MORRIS ENGEL ARISTOTLE ON THE MEAN, G.ZINIEWICZ KANT, DUTY, AND RESPECT, P.STRATTON-LAKE THE NINETEENTH CENTURY ROUTLEDGE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY VOL. 7, C.L. TEN