GANG VIOLENCE AND HARSH PENALTIES - 1465 Words

Chen March 20 2014 Gang Violence and Harsh Penalties The presence of gang violence has plagued the United States for many years. Although it is more active in some parts of the country than others, gang violence affects every American: either monetarily as a taxpayer or directly as a victim. Regardless, it is a concern of every individual; therefore, the criminal justice system has been addressing it for years in different ways. The approach of emphasizing harsh punishments has been implemented for quite some time now and it remains to be an accepted tactic. Despite its popularity, the implementation of harsh punishments has been shown to be counterproductive. It continues to spread ignorance, which is eluded by politicians and the†¦show more content†¦Media had delivered this false idea that harsh penalties would decrease violent crimes which pushes politicians to make tougher laws. During Reagan and Bush presidency, they implemented get-tough policies against crime that resulted in hash punishment (Elias, 1994). Politicians are in favor of get-tough policies but yet crime are still in the rise and citizens are still live in fear of being a victim of crime violence (Elias, 1994). Despite politicians and media’s constant claims that tougher punishments are the solutions to gang violence, but in reality, it is distracting people from pursuing the real solution. As a response to the â€Å"war on gangs†, sentencing enhancements, a form of harsher punishments, was developed by lawmakers. Policies were created to lengthen sentences of gang members (Hagedorn and Chesney-Lind, 2013). Additional amount of prison time would be given to criminals who are in gangs. The increase of harsh penalties has lead to mass incarceration of gang members in America prisons, which evidently resulted to the gang’s dominance of the prisons’ subculture and, making gangs the most powerful force in prisons (Hagedorn and Chesney-Lind, 2013). Mass incarcerations instigates other controversies such as raci al profiling which continues to increase the gap between Americans. Nonetheless, gang members are taking prison lessShow MoreRelatedChildren in Conflict to the Law12401 Words   |  50 Pagesaround them. In addition, there are also various factors that push children to commit acts that are in conflict with the law. Major factors are breakdown of families, inadequate parental supervision, economic hardships, lack of recreational services, harsh corporal punishment on children, peer influence, inadequate educational system, sexual abuse and exploitation, HIV/AIDS and substance abuse. Cited in Franciso Zulueta, Dolores Liwag â€Å"Social problems and Issues in the Philippines. There areRead MoreShould Juveniles Be Tried As Adults?2843 Words   |  12 Pagesfound to be an expression of punitiveness. The goal of a juvenile justice system is to deter the youth from repeating the same if not another offensive crime. In conclusion to this article, the transfer of juveniles to an adult court system was a harsh punishment in the view of most, but now the courts are separate depending on how violent the crime or offense is, the juvenile defendant will be tried as a youth and records of the offense will remain sealed. Once the youth reaches the age of 17, he/sheRead MoreEffects of the United States Failed War on Drugs Policy Essay4544 Words   |  19 PagesAbstract The â€Å"War on Drugs† policy has been the approach by the United States to protect citizens from the harmful effects of illegal drugs. The article examines the failures of the war on drug policy has had on society, such as, increasing violence, increasing the prison population, increased spending of billions of taxpayer funds, and being racially biased against minorities. The war on drugs policy reflects a deeper political agenda and is diverting attention away from the real issue by continuingRead MoreAmerican Prison Systems: Do They Really Work?4530 Words   |  18 Pagesof punishment and a place where criminals would be segregated from society is one that emerged later. After the American Revolution, the core social and political climate began to change. Americans began to question the extent to which the death penalty was being issued (Lynch, n.d.). Values, social norms, and political philosophies also changed, and so too did the demographics of the nation. The tr ansformations in American society during the early modern and modern eras led to a transformation ofRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 Pagesmean punishment. b. Logy was from the Latin word â€Å"logos†, meaning science. c. Penology distinguish from Penitentiary Science- Penology deals with the various means of fighting crimes as regards to penalties and other measures of security, while Penitentiary Science is limited only to the study of penalties dealing with deprivation of liberty. ï  ½ The Golden Age of Penology - the period from 1870 to 1880 was considered the golden age of penology because of the following significant events: ï  ± 1870- theRead MorePolitics and Security in Southeast Asia: Terrorists, Gangsters and the State3078 Words   |  13 Pagespeople. Additionally, corruption weakens the legal system of any country hence making it difficult for the people to receive justice. As with other sectors of the economy, corruption in the security division is frequently attributed to poor pay, harsh working conditions, poor recruitment procedures and lack of sufficient training. In most of the Southern Asia countries, the problem of understaffing and lack of appropriate organizational development goals contributes to the menace of corruption inRead MoreThe Prison System Needs Reform7898 Words   |  32 Pagescrimes, and are incurable by reason of their crimes, are made examples; as they are incurable, they get no good themselves, but others get good when they behold them 10 enduring forever the most terrible and painful and fearful sufferings as the penalty of their sins- there they are, hanging up in the prison house of the world below just as examples, a spectacle and warning to all unrighteous me who come thither (Plato, 2008).† We do not see the first ordered prison until under the King of England;Read MoreIncarceration: Prison and Inmates10532 Words   |  43 Pagesyears. By the mid-1700s, they had begun to put convict to work in the shipyards. These prisoners were sheltered in arsenals at night were they slept chained to their beds. In the 1600s and 1700s, Germany and Switzerland practiced the public-works penalty with great popularity. After corporal punishments, but before modern imprisonment, stood the workhouse or the house of correction. The development of workhouses was originally a humanitarian move intended to manage the unsettling social conditionsRead MoreJuvenile Crime Issues in Today’s Criminal Justice System18893 Words   |  76 PagesMultinational Criminal Justice chapter 18 The Future of Criminal Justice These individual rights must be effectively balanced against these present and emerging community concerns: Widespread drug abuse among youth The threat of juvenile crime Urban gang violence High-technology, computer, and Internet crime (cybercrime) Terrorism and narcoterrorism Occupational and whitecollar crime  ©  © A right to privacy A right to be assumed innocent A right against self-incrimination A right to equal protection ofRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmeters (12.37 seconds) and 200 meters (25.20 seconds) for men 65 and over. xx ABOUT THE AUTHORS xxi Timothy A. Judge Education Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Professional Experience Academic Positions: Franklin D. Schurz Chair, Department of Management, Mendoza College of Business, University of Notre Dame; Matherly-McKethan Eminent Scholar in Management, Warrington College of Business Administration, University of Florida; Stanley  M. Howe Professor in Leadership

The Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment - 1224 Words

Global warming continues to be a huge concern affecting the environment, people and the world. If action to stop this phenomenon is not taken immediately by the global community, the consequences will certainly be catastrophic. Already, some of the consequences of global warming are being felt globally. The frequency and intensity of tropical storms has increased as a result of global warming. Global temperatures continue to rise at rapid and unprecedented rates. According to scientific research, various activities by people are the main cause of this problem. Industrial activities and what have become routine pollution patterns has led to the increase of Carbon IV Oxide (CO2) in the atmosphere (Byravan Rajan, 2015). According to models verified by various scientific researches, the increase in the atmospheric Carbon Dioxide will result in significant increases in environmental temperatures. The global community is facing a challenge that is very tasking and requires maximum coopera tion from all global players. The war to protect the environment is one that must be won otherwise the world and its habitants stand to lose (Braasch, 2013). Global warming is already happening. The effects are already been felt in various parts of the world and will continue to be felt decades to come. The effects that are evident today include rising levels of seas, extreme climatic weather patterns, and finally disappearing polar ice and glaciers. Although, it is quite difficult to link eachShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Global Environment1144 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming has emerged as one of the most serious concerns for scientists and environmentalists in the 21st century. This is based on the negative impact of global warming, which is not limited to deforestation, drastic variations in climate, decline in output of global agricultural industry, degradation of ice sheets in Antarctic, decrease in ocean productivity, rise in sea levels, and increase in tornadoes, hurricanes and floods. The primary reason for global warming has been identified asRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Global Warming Introduction Global warming has been discussion for many years, but has, in the last decade or two been at the forefront of attention. The enormous effects and potential risks on humanity that can result from rise in global temperatures and the environment must be addressed, because the earth after all is finite. â€Å"Globalization refers to the rise of average temperature of oceans and earth’s atmosphere. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the earth’s average surfaceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Environment1311 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Global warming refers to an incremental in earth’s temperature. Some believes this is occurring naturally but the prevailing view attributes climate change to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect refers to the warming resulting from certain gases such as carbon dioxide in Earth s atmosphere trapping heat. These gases traps heat but let light in, similarly to the glass walls of a greenhouse. The general belief is that mankind are chiefly responsible for global warming becauseRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment1549 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming is an increasing in average global temperatures across the planet. This is due to the rising temperatures on the continent. Temperatures continue to rise yearly causing global warming. The greenhouse effect is sun light radiation being driven back to the earth. When solar energy is released into the atmosphere, there is an effect of bouncing back. Solar radiation is bounced back into the atmosphere causing the temperature of the earth to remain steady. However, over time greenhouseRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesSome people say global warming is caused by human activity, others say global warming doesn’t even exist. Some people claim that the climate is changing for the worse. They believe that humans are the primary cause of these changes, especially the increase in temperature, caused by the burning of fossil fuels. They believe that the temperature changes are causing glaciers to melt. They claim that the melting of ice masses leads to a higher sea level and worsening conditions for Arctic animals, asRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment1175 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, â€Å"refers to the recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature near Earth s surface.† Effects of human influence on the environment has long been a cause of concern regarding the disturbance of the â€Å"natural order.† Although a cycle which results in the periodic increase and decrease of the average global temperature has long been known to exist, due to new data suggesting the substantial and relatively r ecentRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment1453 Words   |  6 PagesHuman impact such as industrialization, livestock farming and the increase in recent population have all caused serious environmental impacts that have let to dramatic global climate change. â€Å"Scientists generally agree that the globe has warmed over the past 40 years, due largely to human activities that raise carbon-dioxide levels in the atmosphere† (Clemet). Greenhouse gasses have always existed, but not to the extent that they do in today’s world; they are causing a dramatic change in climateRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment928 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Global Warming†-The Biggest Scam of Modern Times Global warming is the steady increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature. There are two sides of this story. Some people believe that global warming is caused by the natural components in the environment and not man-made production of carbon dioxide, while the others believe that it is caused by man-made production of carbon dioxide and not by natural components in the environment. Global warming is due to the increased level in temperatureRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment999 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Global Warming†-TheBiggest Scam of Modern Times Global warming is the steady increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature. There are two sides of this story. Some people believe that global warming is caused by natural components in the environment and not man-made production of carbon dioxide, while the others believe that it is caused by man-made production of carbon dioxide and not by natural components in the environment. Global warming is due to the increased level in temperature ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment767 Words   |  4 PagesHow does the daily action of driving a car contribute to global warming pollution and other air pollutions? Economic growth has triggered an explosion in the automobile industry, but along with that expansion comes consequence. The motor vehicle business has increased air pollution, causing acid rain, and has also contributed to global warming. Global warming is the process of the earth heating up due to increased levels of gases such as carbon dioxide , on the the leading emissions from cars. Most

Injection Moulding Polymers for Thermal Analysis -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInjection Moulding Polymers for Thermal Analysis. Answer: Major Steps in Injection Moulding Process The process of injection moulding is a famous method of manufacturing for various reasons. This process is mainly used for producing different parts by injecting the molten material within a mould. This process could be performed by using a host of different materials that would mainly include metals, elastomers, confections, glasses and the most widely used thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers (Dang 2014). The process of injection moulding comprises of four major steps. The first step involves the basic preparation and gathering of the tools that would be used for the injection process. During this stage, the thermoplastic materials are being melted and hence the thermoset materials are mixed. The next step includes the filling, which involves the injecting of the molten polymer in the cavity of the mould. The third step includes the holding, which involves compacting the polymer in the mould with the maintenance of the pressure. The final step is ejection of the thermoplastic material and cooling them. In this process, the polymer is left within the mould until it gets solidified (Madan et al. 2015). During the process of ejection and cooling, a screw would be withdrawn in order to refill the barrel with the polymer. The most important stages in this process are filling and holding as they have a major impact upon the final product. The filling step has an influence on the orientation of the polymer within the cavity. The settings of the pressure, time of cycle and the temperature have a significant effect on the mechanical properties. The effect of pressure also plays a major role within the process control. The maintenance of equipment in order to provide a required pressure to the water is also necessary. An optimum amount of temperature is also required within the process. This temperature should be set in such a way that the materials should melt in a systematic way. The lines of cooling should also be placed in such a manner that they are spaced and set for the maximum removal of heat. The cycle time should also be sufficient enough for each step of processing in order for the arrival of the machines at an equilibrium position and then adjust themselves. Properties of Polymers influencing MFI The Melt Flow Index (MFI) is a measurement related to the easiness of the flow of the melt that is in relation with a thermoplastic polymer. The MFI could also be defined as the total mass of a polymer. It could be measured in grams. The melt could flow through a capillary tube having a specific length and diameter by a certain amount of pressure (Sun et al. 2014). The producers of polymers and the manufacturers of the polymer products would use the results in order to ensure that a material would be able to perform as per intended. The MFI based on a polymer is an extremely useful information in order to estimate the behavior of a material during the process of injection moulding. Polymers that possess longer chains or have greater branches would take a longer time to pass through the capillary. The mechanical properties of the product would be affected and as a result of this, the MFI would increase. Different imbalances within the process would have an adverse effect within the mechanical properties and the results of the melt flow (Abbas-Abadi 2013). Low MFI based polymeric materials are not used in the technique of injection moulding. Instead, low viscous materials are used. The molecular is directly proportional to the viscosity and is inversely proportional to MFI. The fact depicts that polymers that have a high molecular weight would be mainly used in the process of extrusion moulding as compared to the process of injection moulding. Processing Parameters The different parameters for the processing for the process of injection moulding would provide good tensile strength products with the study based on polypropylene. The primary parts of the process of manufacturing of the different parts of polypropylene are intrusion moulding and extrusion (Fei, Mehat and Kamaruddin 2013). The mechanical properties of polymers could be specified with many of the similar properties, which are mainly used for metals as modulus of electricity, tensile and many others. The tensile strength could be defines as the point of fracture and it could be lowered than the yield strength. The input parameters for injection moulding mainly includes melt temperature, mold temperature, cooling time, packing pressure, injection speed and packing time. Based on various studies that were conducted, it was seen that the behavior of polycarbonate was directly linked with the various processing parameters of injection moulding. The study also showed that the tensile stress would increase with the temperature of the melt and the temperature of the mold. This would help the polymer in order to set a higher orientation of the molecules and thus have lower residual stress. With the increase in the temperature of the mould, the rate of cooling also lowers. The pressure of packing and the speed of injection are not a significant factor for the strength of the polymers (Azaman et al. 2013). Shrinkage The process of shrinkage is essential within the process of injection moulding. This phenomenon occurs as the density of the polymer normally varies from the temperature of processing to the ambient temperature. During the process of injection moulding, the variations in the shrinkage would be able to create internal stresses. In the process of injection moulding, it would be possible to acquire a molded product that would have the desired dimensions with the use of the phenomenon of mould shrinkage. The mould shrinkage is the phenomenon in which the volume of the molten plastic would be filled within the cavity of a mold that would be shrinking at the time of cooling and solidifying (Annicchiarico and Alcock 2014). The extent of the shrinkage would be referred as the moulding factor of shrinkage. If the moulding shrinkage factor could be known accurately with the preparation of the mould, then it would be possible for the formation of the moulded item such that it would have the intended dimensions. The shrinkage could occur from intersected walls and thick walls that would have a lack of uniformity. The examples would include ribs, projection of nominal wall and bosses. The walls that are thick have the potential of slow solidifying, which would lead to shrinkage at the portion of nominal walls while the projection at the walls would shrink. Uneven thickness of walls would bring various kinds of challenges. At the intersection of the walls, the shrinkage would occur. This is due to the fact that thick walls cool slowly and thus a great amount of shrinking would occur. Thin walls have the capability of cooling faster and thus cause less shrinkage. Various other causes of shrinkage include higher melting temperature, lower pressure of holding and lower pressure of injection. The two methods that could be used in order to reduce the shrinkage for a provided component of geometry are: Modification of the parameters of die casting machines With increasing of the pressure of the work, it would have a positive effect on the issue of shrinkage porosity. The modification of the temperature and the type of the cooling fluid would be possible to cool the zones of porosity. Modification of the Mould The change in the mould morphology would mean to avoid the issues of the shrinkage porosity (Cheng, Liu and Tan 2013). References Abbas-Abadi, M.S., Haghighi, M.N., Yeganeh, H. and Bozorgi, B., 2013. The effect of melt flow index, melt flow rate, and particle size on the thermal degradation of commercial high density polyethylene powder.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,114(3), pp.1333-1339. Annicchiarico, D. and Alcock, J.R., 2014. Review of factors that affect shrinkage of molded part in injection molding.Materials and Manufacturing Processes,29(6), pp.662-682. Azaman, M.D., Sapuan, S.M., Sulaiman, S., Zainudin, E.S. and Abdan, K., 2013. An investigation of the processability of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites on shallow and flat thin-walled parts by injection moulding process.Materials Design,50, pp.451-456. Cheng, J., Liu, Z. and Tan, J., 2013. Multiobjective optimization of injection molding parameters based on soft computing and variable complexity method.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,66(5-8), pp.907-916. Dang, X.P., 2014. General frameworks for optimization of plastic injection molding process parameters.Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,41, pp.15-27. Fei, N.C., Mehat, N.M. and Kamaruddin, S., 2013. Practical applications of Taguchi method for optimization of processing parameters for plastic injection moulding: a retrospective review.ISRN Industrial engineering,2013. Madan, J., Mani, M., Lee, J.H. and Lyons, K.W., 2015. Energy performance evaluation and improvement of unit-manufacturing processes: injection molding case study.Journal of Cleaner Production,105, pp.157-170. Sun, L., Huang, W.M., Lu, H., Lim, K.J., Zhou, Y., Wang, T.X. and Gao, X.Y., 2014. Heating?Responsive Shape?Memory Effect in Thermoplastic Polyurethanes with Low Melt?Flow Index.Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics,215(24), pp.2430-2436.

The Arts play Essay Example For Students

The Arts play Essay The Arts play a large role in the expression of inner thoughts and beauty in my life. From dance and music to abstract art our concept of life is shown through the various ways in which we interpret it. We use the Arts as a means of touching that part of us that we cannot reach with Physical Science, Social Science, or any of the Humanities. The arts allow us to be as specific or as abstract as we please. It helps us become closer to ourselves and to others around us. Though there has been a lot of confusion as to what the true definition of good art is, how we show others what is going on in our minds and inner souls cannot be judged, graded, criticized or revised by anyone other than ourselves. The arts play a valued role in creating cultures and developing and documenting civilizations. The arts teach us how to communicate through creative expression. Show us how to understand human experiences, past and present. Prepare us to adapt to and respect the ways others think, work, and express themselves. We will write a custom essay on The Arts play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Music, singing, dancing, poetry, and sketching are just a few of the different forms of art that I use to express myself in a way that I enjoy. Because each art discipline appeals to different senses and expresses itself through different media, each adds a special richness to the learning environment. Arts help people Learn to identify, appreciate, and participate in the traditional and non-traditional art forms of their own communities and the communities of others. Art teaches us how to be imaginative, creative, and reflective. Different art forms help us develop the verbal and nonverbal abilities necessary for lifelong learning. The intellectual demands of the arts help us develop problem-solving abilities and such powerful thinking skills as analyzing and evaluating. Numerous studies point toward a consistent and positive comparison between concrete education in the arts and student achievement in other subjects. A program in arts education would engage students in a process that helps them develop the self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperation, and self-motivation necessary for success in life. Most important, the arts should be experienced and studied for their own true value. If art was not present in my life, I know that I would be missing so much. I would not be able to do the things that I love to do each day. The only way to express yourself is through art, and the presence of art in the lives of todays society plays a big role. People listen to music every day, they dance, and sing. For many peoples art is a way of life, and without it they would be lost. Art is the only way to express ones true feelings. Without art the world would be a dull and sad place. People would not be able to communicate in the same sense that art allows them to. Art shows peoples individualism. Without art wouldnt we all be the same?